Many authors, referred to Samos, used different names for the island such as: Melamfyllos, Fyllas, Dryoussa, Kyparissia etc. These names were given to the island because of its vast plantation.

Samos is the most vegetated and fertile island in the Aegean. There are olive-trees and Pine-trees up to the highest points of the island. These two trees cover 40% of the island. 40% is also covered with bushes, grass and brushwood. The rest 10% is cultivated with vineyards, fruit-bearing trees and flowers.

Paionia is a rare plant growing in Samos only, blossoming in May. Some of the trees growing in Samos are: pine-trees, cypresses, chestnut-trees, poplar-trees, plane-trees, mulberry-trees, cedars etc.

Plane-trees, willows, stubbles, ferns etc. are found in river-banks. The tall mountains and the dense vegetation are the island's main characteristics.

Kores are a kind of Lilies with a very strong fragrance. Other flowers growing in Samos are: lilacs, poppies, harebells etc.